Business to start with 5m in Uganda and what it really pays

The short answer

With UGX 5,000,000 in Uganda you can fully fund six real small businesses: a hired-out boda boda, a mobile money and airtime kiosk, a two-chair barbershop, a 150-bird broiler batch, a 500-bag oyster mushroom house, or a chips and chicken takeaway. Priced from listings and official fee pages checked in September 2026, the six start-up budgets run from about UGX 4,750,000 to UGX 4,974,000, honest monthly net profit at realistic sales runs from about UGX 110,000 to UGX 810,000, and payback on your capital takes from 6 months to almost 4 years.

The 3 best ideas for this money, judged on margin and how fast you get your capital back, are oyster mushroom growing (about UGX 810,000 net a month, payback near 6 months, but you must line up buyers for 250 kg a month before you scale), a chips and chicken takeaway (about UGX 800,000 net a month, payback around 6 months) and a two-chair barbershop (about UGX 566,000 net a month, payback under 9 months, the steadiest of the three to run). Only one of the six, the broiler batch, can slip into a loss in a normal month. See every capital band on the business ideas in Uganda hub, move up to business to start with 10m in Uganda if UGX 5,000,000 is not quite your number, and check your own idea's numbers on the business profit calculator.

At a glance: what UGX 5,000,000 can start

These six businesses are all fundable with about UGX 5,000,000 in start-up capital, priced from real listings and official fee schedules checked in September 2026. Net margin and monthly profit assume the sales pace stated for each idea below, not a guarantee.

Margins move with how busy you get. The broiler batch, for example, can slide into a loss if you sell into a soft market at UGX 20,000 a bird instead of UGX 23,000, while a barbershop or takeaway that beats its daily-sales assumption earns well above the figures here. Read the full worked numbers for each idea below.

How much of the UGX 5,000,000 is actually gone

Start-up cost is not the same as money lost. Some of the UGX 5,000,000 turns into float or stock you can sell back within weeks; the rest buys a bike, a grow house or a fryer and only comes back slowly, if at all. That difference, and the wait before the first shilling arrives, decides more UGX 5,000,000 businesses than the profit column does.

Two practical readings of this table. First, the mobile money kiosk is the cheapest real test of whether you can run a business at all, because most of the capital stays yours and can be pulled back out. Second, mushrooms and broilers need you to live on something else for about 3 months and 7 weeks respectively, so the household budget for that gap belongs in your plan, not in the profit column. The worst-month figures are the low end of the honest range in this research, not a floor: a stolen bike, a diseased batch or a closed shop is worse than any of them.

Three ideas built around a daily service

Boda boda for hire (one motorcycle on daily remittance)

Boda bodas are the main short-distance transport in Kampala and upcountry towns. Many riders cannot afford their own bike, so as the owner you buy the motorcycle and lease it to a rider for a fixed daily remittance; the rider keeps whatever they earn above that and pays their own fuel.

• Used Bajaj Boxer (2023 to 2024 model): UGX 3,400,000
• Ownership transfer and logbook at URA: UGX 150,000
• Digital number plate upgrade: UGX 50,000
• Third-party motor insurance, 12 months: UGX 100,000
• GPS tracker with installation: UGX 250,000
• Two helmets and a reflector jacket: UGX 150,000
• Spares and servicing reserve, first 3 months: UGX 300,000
• Rider vetting (LC1 letter, guarantor agreement): UGX 50,000
• Emergency reserve for repairs or fines: UGX 300,000

Total start-up: UGX 4,750,000. One sale is one day of hire: the rider remits UGX 12,000 a day, against your share of servicing and repairs of about UGX 2,700 a day, a 77.5% gross margin. At 22 paying days a month (riders remit 5 days a week; Saturday is a service day and Sunday is off), monthly revenue is UGX 264,000 and your cost of the bike's upkeep is UGX 59,400. Fixed costs, insurance set aside, the GPS subscription and mobile money charges, come to UGX 38,500. Net profit: UGX 166,100 a month, a 62.9% net margin, but payback on the UGX 4,750,000 bike takes about 28.6 months, and the bike itself is worn out after roughly 3 years of daily work. Reported remittances run UGX 10,000 to 16,000 a day depending on the town, so a realistic profit range is UGX 100,000 to UGX 250,000 a month.

Licences: the motorcycle registered in your name with a digital number plate, compulsory third-party motor insurance, a rider with a valid Class A permit, a TIN for the URA vehicle transfer, and rider registration with the local stage or boda association.

Risks: theft (fit a tracker, consider comprehensive cover), a rider who stops paying or disappears (use a written agreement with a guarantor), accidents and impound fines, fuel at about UGX 6,899 a litre in mid September 2026 squeezing rider income, and fast depreciation.

Where it works: busy stages in fast-growing suburbs such as Kira, Namugongo, Kyaliwajala, Mukono, Wakiso and along Entebbe Road, and upcountry towns including Jinja, Mbale, Kamuli and Mbarara.

Mobile money and airtime agent with a small shop

Most Ugandans send, receive and withdraw money through MTN MoMo and Airtel Money, and an agent earns a commission on every transaction. Adding airtime and a few fast-moving goods keeps customers walking in between transactions.

• MTN MoMo e-float: UGX 1,000,000
• Airtel Money e-float: UGX 600,000
• Cash float for withdrawals: UGX 1,000,000
• Kiosk or small shop rent, 3 months: UGX 750,000
• Counter, shelves, stool and cash box: UGX 400,000
• Smartphone and two agent SIM lines: UGX 350,000
• Opening shop stock (airtime, data, soap, sugar, sodas): UGX 500,000
• Business name reservation and registration (URSB): UGX 90,000
• KCCA trading licence, mobile money category: UGX 50,000
• Fake note detector and record books: UGX 60,000

Total start-up: UGX 4,800,000, though about UGX 2,600,000 of that is float and cash you can withdraw again, so money actually spent is closer to UGX 2,200,000. One sale is one mobile money transaction on a blended MTN and Airtel ticket of about UGX 40,000: you earn a UGX 350 average commission against a UGX 30 cost of rebalancing float, a 91.4% gross margin. At 50 transactions a day for 26 days, plus UGX 35,000 a day of airtime and shop sales at a 15% margin, monthly revenue reaches UGX 1,365,000 with cost of goods of UGX 812,500. Fixed costs (rent, power, phone, LC and licence renewal) total UGX 315,000. Net profit: UGX 237,500 a month, a 17.4% net margin, with payback around 20.2 months on the full float (about 9 months on the cash actually spent). MTN pays no commission below UGX 5,000, so realistic monthly profit ranges from about UGX 30,000 to UGX 750,000 depending on footfall.

Licences: a registered business name (MTN asks for an original trading licence and certificate of registration), National ID and KYC at an MTN or Airtel service centre or through a master agent, the KCCA or municipal trading licence in the mobile money category, and fixed premises.

Risks: fraud, fake notes and reversal scams, robbery because you hold cash, running out of float at peak times, telcos changing commission rates without notice, and heavy competition where agents cluster on the same street.

Where it works: near markets, taxi and boda stages, trading centres, campuses and dense estates such as Kasubi, Nateete, Kawempe, Kireka and Bweyogerere, and upcountry trading centres with few bank branches.

Barbershop (two chairs)

Men and boys cut their hair every 2 to 4 weeks, the equipment is cheap, and the skill can be hired on commission, so a clean shop with power backup and a TV for football builds regulars quickly.

• Shop rent, 3 months: UGX 750,000
• Two hydraulic barber chairs: UGX 1,000,000
• Four professional clippers and trimmers: UGX 600,000
• Mirrors, shelves and a waiting bench: UGX 500,000
• Steriliser, towels, capes and disinfectant stock: UGX 300,000
• Wiring, lighting, painting and signage: UGX 500,000
• Small inverter and battery for power cuts: UGX 450,000
• TV and decoder: UGX 400,000
• KCCA trading licence, beauty salon category: UGX 84,000
• Business name registration (URSB): UGX 90,000
• Working capital for the first month: UGX 300,000

Total start-up: UGX 4,974,000. One sale is one standard men's haircut at an estimated UGX 6,000, against a unit cost of UGX 3,000 (40% barber commission plus disinfectant, blades and power), a 50% gross margin. At 12 haircuts a day across both chairs for 28 days, that is 336 cuts and UGX 2,016,000 of monthly revenue, with UGX 1,008,000 of cost of goods. Fixed costs, rent, power, water, the TV subscription and clipper upkeep, total UGX 442,000. Net profit: UGX 566,000 a month, a 28.1% net margin, and payback on the UGX 4,974,000 start-up in about 8.8 months once the shop reaches that pace (a new shop can take 3 to 6 months to build to 12 cuts a day). Realistic monthly profit ranges from UGX 200,000 at 8 cuts a day to UGX 1,200,000 at 20 cuts a day.

Licences: the KCCA or municipal trading licence in the beauty salon category, business name registration with URSB, and a health and hygiene inspection.

Risks: a good barber leaving and taking customers with them, power cuts without backup, hygiene failures (sterilise clippers between clients), and price competition from cheap kiosks nearby.

Where it works: near hostels and universities such as Kikoni, Wandegeya, Kyambogo and Nkozi, boda stages, trading centres, and busy estates such as Kireka, Najjera and Kansanga.

Three ideas built around a product you sell

Broiler chicken farming (150 birds a batch)

Restaurants, chips vendors and households buy chicken year round, and broilers are ready to sell in 6 to 7 weeks, so your money turns over fast. Margins are thin at September 2026 feed prices, so waste control and selling direct matter more than volume.

• Poultry house for 150 birds: UGX 1,700,000
• Feeders and drinkers: UGX 225,000
• Brooding (heat, litter, curtains): UGX 150,000
• 150 day-old broiler chicks at UGX 3,300: UGX 495,000
• Feed for the first batch (starter, grower, finisher): UGX 1,995,000
• Vaccines (Newcastle, Gumboro) and drugs: UGX 75,000
• Transport and market reserve: UGX 200,000

Total start-up: UGX 4,840,000. One sale is one live broiler of about 2 kg at 6 to 7 weeks, selling at UGX 23,000 against a unit cost of UGX 19,050 (chick, feed, vaccines and a 95% survival rate), a 17.2% gross margin. Running one batch of 150 chicks every 2 months, with 5% mortality, averages about 71 birds sold a month: UGX 1,633,000 of revenue against UGX 1,352,550 of cost of goods. Fixed costs (a part-time helper, water, electricity and transport) total UGX 170,000. Net profit: UGX 110,450 a month, a thin 6.8% net margin, and payback takes about 43.8 months at this scale (working capital, chicks, feed and vaccines, is recovered every batch; payback on the house and equipment alone is closer to 19 months). Because live-bird prices are disputed between sources, profit can range from a UGX 100,000 monthly loss up to about UGX 250,000.

Licences: no licence is needed for a small farm, but inform your LC1 and the district veterinary office; a trading licence only applies if you sell from a shop; slaughtering and selling dressed chicken brings in district public health and veterinary rules.

Risks: disease (Newcastle, Gumboro, coccidiosis) can wipe out a whole batch, feed prices have been rising sharply (maize bran roughly doubled by September 2026), live-bird prices vary a lot between buyers, and middlemen push farm-gate prices down, so line up buyers before the chicks arrive.

Where it works: peri-urban Wakiso, Mukono and Mpigi close to Kampala buyers, and around town markets in Jinja, Mbarara, Masaka and Gulu, selling to chips vendors, restaurants and hotels.

Oyster mushroom growing (grow house of about 500 bags)

Oyster mushrooms grow on cheap farm waste such as cotton husks, need little land, and sell to Kampala restaurants, hotels and supermarkets. A small grow house fits on a family plot, and this is the best performer in this band, provided you can sell what you grow.

• Grow house for about 500 bags: UGX 1,500,000
• Two steel drums and a stove for pasteurising substrate: UGX 300,000
• 1,000 litre water tank and sprayers: UGX 250,000
• Solar dryer for surplus mushrooms: UGX 400,000
• Substrate, spawn and bags for the first 300 bags: UGX 2,235,000
• Digital scale, packaging and labels: UGX 180,000
• Short training at a mushroom centre: UGX 100,000

Total start-up: UGX 4,965,000. One sale is 1 kg of fresh oyster mushrooms sold wholesale to restaurants, supermarkets or market vendors, at UGX 10,000 against a unit cost of UGX 5,000, a 50% gross margin. Planting 150 new bags every month, each giving about 2 kg over 3 months, yields roughly 300 kg a month, of which about 250 kg is sold fresh at UGX 10,000 and the rest dried or lost: UGX 2,500,000 of revenue against UGX 1,250,000 of cost of goods. Fixed costs (a worker, water, deliveries and plot rent) total UGX 440,000. Net profit: UGX 810,000 a month, a 32.4% net margin, the best in this band, and payback on the UGX 4,965,000 start-up in about 6.1 months. Because the first bags take about 3 months to fruit, do not expect this income from month one. Profit realistically ranges from UGX 100,000 a month (only 200 kg sold) to UGX 1,600,000 (280 kg sold at a better price).

Licences: none needed to grow; register a business name with URSB if you plan to supply supermarkets or hotels on invoice; UNBS product certification only if you pack and brand dried mushrooms for shop shelves; a trading licence only if you sell from premises.

Risks: contaminated spawn from some suppliers can ruin a batch of bags, fresh mushrooms spoil within days so unsold stock is a straight loss unless you dry it, prices fall in the rainy season when supply floods the market, and the hardest part of this business is finding buyers for 250 kg a month, not growing it.

Where it works: Wakiso, Mukono and the Kampala outskirts for fast delivery to restaurants and supermarkets, and around Mbarara, Masaka and Fort Portal where cotton husks and other substrates are cheaper.

Chips and chicken takeaway (fast food kiosk)

Chips and chicken is a favourite evening takeaway for students and workers across Ugandan towns, and a small kiosk near a stage or hostel can sell every single evening with simple equipment.

• Kiosk or small shop rent, 3 months: UGX 750,000
• Two commercial deep fryers: UGX 600,000
• 13 kg gas full set plus one refill: UGX 357,000
• Gas burner and regulator set: UGX 150,000
• Glass chips display warmer: UGX 500,000
• Used chest freezer for chicken: UGX 800,000
• Potato chipper and knives: UGX 150,000
• Utensils, two tables and six chairs: UGX 400,000
• Signpost and painting: UGX 200,000
• KCCA trading licence, eating house category: UGX 69,000
• Medical certificates for 2 food handlers: UGX 100,000
• Opening stock (potatoes, chicken, oil, packaging): UGX 700,000

Total start-up: UGX 4,776,000. One sale is an average takeaway order (60% plain chips at UGX 4,000, 40% chips with a quarter chicken at UGX 12,000), blending to UGX 7,200 against a unit cost of UGX 4,620, a 35.8% gross margin. At 25 orders a day for 28 days, that is 700 orders and UGX 5,040,000 of monthly revenue, with UGX 3,234,000 of cost of goods. Fixed costs, rent, two staff, power, water and licence upkeep, total UGX 1,006,000. Net profit: UGX 800,000 a month, a 15.9% net margin, and payback on the UGX 4,776,000 start-up in about 6 months, the fastest in this band, but only if you reach 25 orders a day; below 15 a day it barely covers rent and staff. Realistic profit ranges from UGX 50,000 a month at 15 orders a day up to UGX 1,500,000 at 35 orders a day.

Licences: the KCCA or municipal trading licence in the eating house category, medical certificates for every food handler, a premises inspection by the KCCA or district health inspector, business name registration with URSB, and a fire extinguisher is recommended for gas cooking.

Risks: potato, chicken and cooking oil prices move a lot and were among the items pushing inflation up in 2026, chicken spoils fast if the freezer fails during a power cut, gas fires are a real hazard, and KCCA periodically enforces against roadside food vending.

Where it works: near universities and hostels such as Kikoni, Wandegeya, Kyambogo and Mukono, taxi parks and evening boda stages, and busy suburbs such as Kireka, Ntinda and Kansanga.

A worked first month: the two-chair barbershop

Numbers convince better than adjectives, so here is the two-chair barbershop, the steadiest of the top 3 ideas, laid out as a full profit and loss for one ordinary trading month at its stated pace of 12 haircuts a day. A brand new shop can take 3 to 6 months to build up to that many regulars, so treat this as the month you are working towards, not week one.

• Haircuts sold: 336 (12 a day, both chairs, for 28 trading days)
• Revenue: 336 x UGX 6,000 = UGX 2,016,000
• Cost of goods sold (40% barber commission, disinfectant, blades, power): UGX 1,008,000
• Gross profit: UGX 1,008,000 (50% gross margin)
• Rent: UGX 250,000
• Electricity: UGX 80,000
• Water: UGX 15,000
• TV subscription: UGX 40,000
• Licence renewal set aside: UGX 7,000
• Clipper repairs and replacement: UGX 50,000
• Total fixed costs: UGX 442,000
• Net profit before income tax: UGX 566,000, a 28.1% net margin

At UGX 566,000 a month, you recover the UGX 4,974,000 start-up cost in about 8.8 months if the shop holds this pace. On paper, 12 months at this rate gives annual turnover of UGX 24,192,000, which sits inside URA's small-business presumptive tax band (turnover above UGX 10,000,000 up to 30,000,000). With daily sales records kept, that works out at 0.4% of the turnover above UGX 10,000,000, about UGX 56,800 a year, not tax on the full UGX 566,000 monthly profit; without records URA charges a flat UGX 80,000 instead. That is a tax rule, not advice for your specific return, so confirm your figures with URA or an accountant before you file.

Licences, tax and paperwork for a UGX 5,000,000 business

Every business in this band needs the same basic paperwork, whichever idea you pick. Start with a Tax Identification Number (TIN): URA issues it free, and if you have a National ID number you can get an instant TIN online in about five minutes. Registering a business name with URSB costs about UGX 90,000 in total (UGX 35,000 to reserve the name plus UGX 55,000 to register it), done through URSB's online e-registry.

Most of these businesses also need a KCCA or municipal trading licence, paid before you start and renewed by 1 January every year. The fee depends on the category and the grade of your business area (Grade I is the most expensive): on KCCA's published rates checked in September 2026, a kiosk runs UGX 6,000 to 75,000 a year, a mobile money outlet UGX 20,000 to 100,000, an eating house UGX 24,000 to 172,500, and a boutique or beauty salon UGX 52,500 to 210,000. KCCA's table has no separate line for a barbershop, so shops are usually assessed under the salon line, but that is not confirmed with KCCA: ask your division revenue office which category and grade they will use before you budget for it. Farmers selling their own produce and market traders paying market dues are exempt from the trading licence under the Trade (Licensing) Act, which is why the broiler and mushroom ideas above carry no licence cost unless you sell from a shop. Outside Kampala, your town or district council sets its own rates.

Once your turnover passes UGX 10,000,000 a year, up to UGX 150,000,000, you are a small business taxpayer and pay presumptive tax on turnover instead of tax on profit: nil below UGX 10,000,000, then, with proper records, 0.4% of turnover above UGX 10 million up to 30 million, rising in steps to 0.7% of turnover above UGX 80 million. Records are worth money here, not just tidiness. A barbershop turning over UGX 24,192,000 a year pays about UGX 56,800 with proper daily records; with no records at all URA charges the flat UGX 80,000 for that band instead. It is a final tax, no expenses are deducted, and none of your idea's real costs matter to the calculation, only the sales total.

EFRIS, URA's electronic invoicing and receipting system, only bites once two things are both true: your turnover is above UGX 10,000,000 a year, and you are either VAT registered or in one of URA's 12 listed sectors. Two of those sectors decide this page. Accommodation and food service is listed, so a chips and chicken takeaway trading at its full pace of UGX 5,040,000 a month crosses both tests and should plan for EFRIS. Transportation and storage is listed too, but URA excludes passenger land transport by name, taxis, boda bodas, shuttles and buses, so a hired-out boda boda sits outside the sector rule and only reaches EFRIS if you register for VAT. A mobile money kiosk, a barbershop, a mushroom house and a broiler farm are in none of the 12 sectors. Read do I need EFRIS if you are not sure where your business sits.

Set this up first

Whichever of the six you pick, set it up in this order. The cheap and free steps come first, and we are named only at the stage where we genuinely earn the money.

1. The basics, at their real cost. A URSB business name is about UGX 90,000 in official fees (UGX 35,000 to reserve, UGX 55,000 to register) on the e-registry; owners routinely report agents charging several hundred thousand to several million shillings for that same filing. A TIN from URA is genuinely free and instant online with a National ID. Then pay the trading licence for your trade and area grade, from about UGX 6,000 for a village kiosk to UGX 210,000 for a salon on a Grade I street; a mushroom or broiler farmer selling their own produce needs none.
2. The habits that cost nothing. Keep the business's money on its own mobile money line, write down every sale and cost the same day, put your prices and photos on WhatsApp Business, and claim a free Google Business Profile so a barbershop, kiosk or takeaway shows up on Maps when somebody nearby searches. That one is free and most owners still pay someone to set it up properly.
3. Once there is stock to lose or someone else at the till. In this band that really means the takeaway, the mobile money kiosk and a barbershop with hired barbers, where a phone record of sales, stock and the daily cash-up pays for itself the first time the count comes up short. Growth Informer Business does that on a phone, with URA EFRIS e-receipts as a setting you switch on when URA requires it, which on this page means the takeaway first.
4. A website: not yet, for most of this band. A boda boda, a mushroom house or a two-chair shop with 12 customers a day gets nothing from one. Once people look the business up before they come, or you sell past walk-in trade, a website starts , with a monthly care plan if you want it kept running for you.
5. A custom build: not at UGX 5,000,000. It is worth quoting only when no ready-made tool fits the workflow, and that is not true of any business on this page.
6. When a penalty, assessment, audit letter or deadline is already live. We are a URA-registered tax agent: we set the systems up, file, object to an assessment and represent you, and we quote after seeing the notice.

Match the step to your stage, not the other way round. A UGX 5,000,000 kiosk needs steps one and two and nothing else in its first year.

How to protect the profit you make

A business this size is won or lost on discipline, not on the idea. Keep the business's money completely separate from your own, even if that just means a second mobile money line or a locked cash box nobody else touches. Never extend credit, goods or mobile money float, to friends, relatives or regulars who promise to pay later: it is one of the fastest ways a UGX 5,000,000 business loses its working capital in the first few months. Write down every sale and every cost, every single day, even a school exercise book is enough at this size; see business record keeping in Uganda for a simple system that works on paper or on a phone.

Every figure on this page is an estimate built from prices, fees and rates we checked in September 2026, not a guarantee of what you will earn, and nothing here is financial, tax or legal advice. Confirm current licence fees with KCCA or your local council, and confirm your own tax position with URA or a qualified accountant before you commit UGX 5,000,000 to any of these businesses.

Frequently asked questions

What business can I start with 5,000,000 shillings in Uganda?

With about UGX 5,000,000 checked in September 2026 you can fully fund a hired-out boda boda (UGX 4,750,000), a mobile money and airtime kiosk (UGX 4,800,000), a two-chair barbershop (UGX 4,974,000), a 150-bird broiler batch (UGX 4,840,000), a 500-bag oyster mushroom house (UGX 4,965,000) or a chips and chicken takeaway (UGX 4,776,000). Each has different profit and risk, covered in full above.

What is the most profitable business with 5m in Uganda?

On the numbers checked here, oyster mushroom growing gives the best net margin (32.4%) and the highest monthly profit (about UGX 810,000), with payback in around 6.1 months. Its catch is that finding buyers for 250 kg of mushrooms a month is harder than growing them, so a two-chair barbershop or a chips and chicken takeaway are steadier if you cannot line up buyers first.

What business ideas work with small capital in Uganda?

The same six ideas scale down: a smaller float for mobile money, one chair instead of two at the barbershop, or 75 birds instead of 150 for broilers. If UGX 5,000,000 is more than you have, our business to start with 3m in Uganda guide covers the band below with the same real numbers.

What is a good business in Uganda for ladies or for students?

A barbershop, a salon-style service, or a mobile money and airtime kiosk suit a student's timetable or someone running the business part time, since hired staff can cover the counter. A student with less capital and more time can start smaller with a mushroom house or a small chips stall and scale up as profit comes in.

How much profit can I make, and is this a profitable business in Uganda?

At realistic sales, net profit across these six ideas ranges from about UGX 110,000 a month (broiler chicken, a thin 6.8% margin) to about UGX 810,000 a month (oyster mushroom growing, 32.4% margin). All six can be profitable, but the broiler business is the tightest: at low live-bird prices it can slip into a monthly loss, which is an honest risk, not a guarantee.

How much do licences and tax cost for a UGX 5,000,000 business in Uganda?

Budget about UGX 90,000 to register a business name with URSB, plus a KCCA or municipal trading licence that ranges from about UGX 6,000 for a kiosk to UGX 210,000 for a beauty salon or barbershop, depending on the category and area grade. Presumptive tax only starts once your turnover passes UGX 10,000,000 a year, and is a small percentage of turnover, not of profit.